:root {
  --ink: #172d38;
  --muted: #4d626d;
  --paper: #f8f8f5;
  --line: #d6e2e6;
  --deep: #123e55;
  --accent: #f47732;
  --accent-soft: #ffd2b0;
  --blue-soft: #e9f6f8;
  --bright: #fffefa;
  --link: #096b88;
  --portrait-blue: #28b8cf;
  --portrait-orange: #f47732;
  --cyan: #bcebf0;
  --sky: #78d1e0;
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: Inter, "Aptos", "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 25px;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background-color: var(--paper);
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(246, 243, 238, .94), rgba(246, 243, 238, .97)), url("../background.png");
  background-position: center top;
  background-size: cover;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  font: 16px/1.7 var(--sans);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
a {
  color: inherit;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}
::selection {
  color: var(--bright);
  background: var(--deep);
}
a:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}
.site-header {
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 27px 28px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .88);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(203, 216, 223, .9);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(23, 59, 89, .035);
}
.wordmark {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.wordmark span { color: var(--accent); }
nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 22px;
}
nav a, .text-link {
  font-size: 14px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
nav a { color: var(--muted); }
nav a:hover, nav a:focus-visible { color: var(--link); }
main {
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 0 28px;
}
h1, h2, h3 {
  line-height: 1.15;
}
h3, h4, button, input, table {
  font-family: var(--sans);
}
h1, h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
}
h1 {
  font-size: clamp(42px, 5.4vw, 62px);
}
.eyebrow {
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.hero .eyebrow,
.hero-copy,
.hero-note {
  text-shadow: none;
}
.hero {
  min-height: 580px;
  padding: 88px 0 92px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(260px, 360px);
  align-items: start;
  gap: clamp(42px, 7vw, 96px);
}
.hero-content {
  max-width: 650px;
}
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}
.hero-portrait {
  width: min(100%, 330px);
  justify-self: end;
  margin: clamp(42px, 5vw, 52px) 0 0;
  padding: 0 0 14px;
  background: transparent;
}

.hero-portrait img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 40%;
  border: 5px solid var(--bright);
  border-radius: 50%;
  /* The rings are attached to the image itself, so they cannot drift or disappear. */
  box-shadow:
    0 0 0 3px var(--portrait-blue),
    0 0 0 5px var(--paper),
    0 0 0 6px var(--portrait-orange),
    0 14px 32px rgba(23, 59, 89, .18);
  filter: saturate(.96) contrast(1.02);
  transition: box-shadow .22s ease, filter .22s ease;
}

.hero-portrait img:hover {
  filter: saturate(1.02) contrast(1.03);
  box-shadow:
    0 0 0 3px var(--portrait-blue),
    0 0 0 5px var(--paper),
    0 0 0 7px var(--portrait-orange),
    0 18px 38px rgba(23, 59, 89, .22);
}

.hero-portrait figcaption {
  padding-top: 15px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: center;
  letter-spacing: .045em;
}
.hero-copy {
  max-width: 670px;
  margin: clamp(20px, 3vw, 32px) 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.68;
  text-align: left;
}
.actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 24px;
  margin-top: 30px;
}
.button {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-shadow: none;
  transition: opacity .2s;
}
.button-dark {
  color: white;
  background: var(--deep);
  border: 1px solid var(--deep);
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 var(--accent);
  transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease, background .2s ease;
}

.button-dark:hover {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate(-1px, -1px);
  box-shadow: 4px 4px 0 var(--accent);
  background: var(--link);
}
.button:hover { opacity: .9; }
.button:focus-visible,
.text-link:focus-visible,
.project-links a:focus-visible,
.publication a:focus-visible,
.presentation-item a:focus-visible,
.site-footer a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}
.button,
.contact-email,
.icon-button,
.back-to-top {
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
.text-link {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent);
  padding-bottom: 3px;
}
.hero-note {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: 52px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}
.contact-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}
.contact-email,
.icon-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  min-height: 34px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .76);
  font-size: 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background .2s, border-color .2s, color .2s;
}
.contact-email { padding: 7px 10px; }
.icon-button { padding: 7px 10px; }
.contact-email svg,
.icon-button img {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.contact-email svg {
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
}
.contact-email:hover,
.contact-email:focus-visible,
.icon-button:hover,
.icon-button:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--link);
  color: var(--link);
  background: var(--bright);
}
.status-dot {
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
}
.section {
  padding: 82px 0 90px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(203, 216, 223, .9);
}
.project,
.publication,
.presentation-list,
.award-list,
.coursework-table-wrap,
.table-list {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(23, 59, 89, .035);
}
.section-heading {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: end;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  font-size: clamp(42px, 5.8vw, 64px);
  letter-spacing: -.045em;
}
.small-note {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}
/* Expandable projects */
.project-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.project {
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .78);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: background .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.project summary {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr) 28px;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 30px 12px;
  cursor: pointer;
  list-style: none;
  transition: background .2s, padding-left .2s;
}
.project summary:hover { background: rgba(229, 238, 244, .72); }

.project[open] {
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .96);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(23, 59, 89, .06);
}
.project summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}
.project summary:hover .project-title {
  color: var(--link);
}
.project-index {
  padding-top: 2px;
  color: var(--link);
  font: 20px var(--serif);
}
.project-heading {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
}
.project-heading .eyebrow { margin: 0; }
.project-title {
  font: 34px/1.2 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
  transition: color .2s;
}
.project-intro {
  max-width: 650px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 17px;
  text-align: left;
}
.expand-icon {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 27px;
  height: 27px;
  background: var(--bright);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1;
  transition: transform .2s, background .2s;
}
.project[open] .expand-icon {
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}
.project-details {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-left: 60px;
  padding: 0 22px 30px 0;
  animation: reveal .18s ease-out;
}
.project-details h3 {
  margin: 22px 0 8px;
  font: 23px var(--serif);
}
.project-details p, .project-details li {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 17px;
  text-align: left;
}
.project-details li { padding: 3px 0; }
.project-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 18px;
  margin: 20px 0;
}
.project-links a {
  color: var(--deep);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
}
/* Publications */
.publication {
  max-width: none;
  padding: 32px 24px;
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .78);
  background-clip: border-box;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.publication-section {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.publication-section article.publication:first-of-type { order: 2; }
.publication-section article.publication:nth-of-type(2) { order: 1; }
.publication-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}
.pill {
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 30px;
  color: var(--muted);
  background: rgba(229, 238, 244, .5);
  font-size: 11px;
}
.publication h3 {
  margin: 17px 0 10px;
  font: 35px/1.25 var(--serif);
}
.publication sup,
.publication sub {
  font-size: .62em;
  line-height: 0;
}
.publication > p {
  max-width: 700px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 17px;
}
.publication .author-list {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.author-with-orcid { white-space: nowrap; }
.author-list a {
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 12px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.orcid-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-left: 3px;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  padding: 2px;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-soft);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: rgba(228, 123, 53, .08);
  text-decoration: none;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.orcid-button img {
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  display: block;
}
.orcid-button span { display: none; }
.orcid-button:hover,
.orcid-button:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(228, 123, 53, .16);
}
.toc-figure {
  max-width: 620px;
  margin: 26px auto;
}
.toc-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.toc-placeholder {
  min-height: 150px;
  display: grid;
  place-content: center;
  gap: 7px;
  border: 1px dashed var(--link);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(229, 238, 244, .9), rgba(242, 213, 192, .45));
  color: var(--deep);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-align: center;
}
.toc-placeholder span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.toc-figure figcaption {
  padding-top: 7px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  text-align: center;
}
.abstract-details {
  max-width: none;
  margin: 24px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.abstract-details summary {
  padding: 13px 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  list-style: none;
}
.abstract-details summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.abstract-details summary::after {
  content: "+";
  float: right;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1;
}
.abstract-details[open] summary::after { content: "−"; }
.abstract-details p {
  max-width: none;
  padding: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 19px;
  text-align: left;
}
.presentation-group + .presentation-group {
  margin-top: 42px;
}
.presentation-group > h3 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--link);
  font: 800 11px/1.2 var(--sans);
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.presentation-list {
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .62);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.presentation-item {
  padding: 24px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.presentation-item h4 {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: 23px/1.3 var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.presentation-item p {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 17px;
}
.presentation-item a {
  color: var(--deep);
  font-weight: 650;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.presentation-status {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
}
.award-list {
  max-width: 820px;
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .62);
}
.award-header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 15px 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.award-header span:last-child {
  text-align: right;
}
.award-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 15px 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.award-item h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  font: 650 16px/1.5 var(--sans);
}
.award-item h3 span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .9em;
}
.award-item p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-align: right;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.table-list {
  max-width: 820px;
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .62);
}
.table-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 15px 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.table-item h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  font: 650 16px/1.5 var(--sans);
}
.table-item h3 a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.table-item h3 a:hover,
.table-item h3 a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--link);
}
.table-item p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-align: right;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.coursework-table-wrap {
  max-width: 820px;
  background: rgba(255, 253, 249, .62);
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.coursework-table {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 520px;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 17px;
}
.coursework-table th,
.coursework-table td {
  padding: 15px 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-align: left;
}
.coursework-table thead th {
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.coursework-table tbody th {
  color: var(--deep);
  font-weight: 650;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.coursework-table tbody td {
  color: var(--muted);
}
.coursework-table th:last-child,
.coursework-table td:last-child {
  text-align: right;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
/* About and footer */
.research-gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  align-items: start;
}
.research-gallery .research-figure {
  margin: 0;
}
.research-figure-wide,
.research-subgallery {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}
.research-subgallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}
.research-gallery .spectrum-figure {
  padding: 10px 10px 0;
  background: #fff;
}
.research-figure {
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--bright);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(23, 59, 89, .055);
}
.research-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  cursor: zoom-in;
}
.toc-figure img,
.hero-portrait img {
  cursor: zoom-in;
}
.mri-gallery .research-figure,
.probe-gallery .research-figure {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.mri-gallery .research-figure {
  height: 310px;
}
.mri-gallery .research-figure img {
  height: 240px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.probe-gallery .research-figure img {
  height: 220px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.research-figure figcaption {
  padding: 9px 13px 11px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  text-align: center;
}
.photo-gallery-section {
  padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.photo-gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-flow: column;
  grid-auto-columns: max-content;
  gap: 18px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 4px 2px 18px;
  scroll-snap-type: x proximity;
  scrollbar-color: var(--link) transparent;
}
.photo-gallery figure {
  width: max-content;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--bright);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(23, 59, 89, .055);
  scroll-snap-align: start;
}
.photo-gallery img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 70vw;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 320px;
  background: var(--paper);
  cursor: zoom-in;
}
.photo-gallery figcaption {
  padding: 9px 12px 11px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  text-align: center;
}
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 24px;
  bottom: 24px;
  z-index: 5;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--deep);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--bright);
  background: var(--deep);
  cursor: pointer;
  font: 24px/1 var(--sans);
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translateY(8px);
  transition: opacity .2s, transform .2s, background .2s;
}
.back-to-top.is-visible {
  opacity: .9;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.back-to-top:hover,
.back-to-top:focus-visible {
  background: var(--link);
  border-color: var(--link);
  opacity: 1;
}
.image-viewer {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 94vw;
  max-height: 94vh;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--bright);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(18, 63, 82, .28);
}
.image-viewer::backdrop {
  background: rgba(23, 59, 89, .78);
}
.image-viewer img {
  display: block;
  max-width: calc(94vw - 36px);
  max-height: calc(90vh - 70px);
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.image-viewer-close {
  position: fixed;
  top: 24px;
  right: 24px;
  z-index: 2;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: rgba(246, 243, 238, .84);
  cursor: pointer;
  font: 28px/1 var(--sans);
  opacity: .35;
  transition: opacity .15s, background .15s, border-color .15s;
}
.image-viewer-nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 50vh;
  right: 24px;
  left: 24px;
  z-index: 1;
  height: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.image-viewer-nav button {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: rgba(246, 243, 238, .84);
  cursor: pointer;
  font: 28px/1 var(--sans);
  opacity: .35;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transition: opacity .15s, background .15s;
}
.image-viewer-nav button:first-child {
  left: 0;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
.image-viewer-nav button:last-child {
  right: 0;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
.image-viewer-nav button:not(:disabled):hover,
.image-viewer-nav button:not(:disabled):focus-visible,
.image-viewer-close:hover,
.image-viewer-close:focus-visible {
  color: var(--bright);
  background: var(--deep);
  border-color: var(--deep);
  opacity: 1;
}
.image-viewer-nav button:disabled {
  cursor: default;
  opacity: .16;
}
.site-footer {
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: auto;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 15px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}
.site-footer a { text-decoration: none; }
@keyframes reveal {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-4px); }
  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  body {
    background-attachment: fixed;
    background-size: auto 100lvh;
    background-position: center top;
  }
  .site-header {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 20px;
  }
  nav { gap: 12px 18px; }
  main { padding: 0 20px; }
  .hero {
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 72px 0 62px;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(200px, 270px);
    gap: 32px;
  }
  .hero-portrait {
    width: 100%;
    justify-self: center;
  }
  .section { padding: 52px 0 62px; }
  .section-heading {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .project summary {
    grid-template-columns: 27px minmax(0, 1fr) 26px;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 23px 2px;
  }
  .project-title { font-size: 28px; }
  .project-details {
    margin-left: 37px;
    padding-right: 0;
  }
  .site-footer { padding: 20px; }
  .photo-gallery {
    grid-auto-columns: max-content;
  }
  .photo-gallery img {
    max-width: 72vw;
    max-height: 280px;
  }
  .back-to-top {
    right: 18px;
    bottom: 18px;
  }
  .research-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-subgallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 38px;
  }
  .hero-portrait {
    order: -1;
    width: min(100%, 290px);
    margin-top: 0;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition: none !important; }
  .project-details { animation: none; }
}

:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --gradient-flow: linear-gradient(112deg, #29b7cf 0%, #81d5df 38%, #f5b36d 72%, #f47732 100%);
  --gradient-cool: linear-gradient(135deg, #e4f7f9 0%, #f8fbf9 58%, #fff0e4 100%);
  --shadow-sm: 0 5px 18px rgba(18, 62, 85, .055);
  --shadow-md: 0 14px 38px rgba(18, 62, 85, .085);
  --radius: 14px;
}

html {
  scroll-padding-top: 32px;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  color: var(--ink);
  background-color: var(--paper);
  background-image:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 3% 5%, rgba(41, 183, 207, .12), transparent 34rem),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 98% 9%, rgba(244, 119, 50, .10), transparent 32rem),
    linear-gradient(rgba(250, 250, 247, .91), rgba(250, 250, 247, .96)),
    url("../background.png");
  background-position: left top, right top, center top, center top;
  background-size: auto, auto, auto, cover;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  letter-spacing: .003em;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

::selection {
  color: #fff;
  background: #12637b;
}

img { max-width: 100%; }

p { text-wrap: pretty; }

a {
  color: var(--link);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition: color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, background-color .18s ease;
}

a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

a:focus-visible,
summary:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(244, 119, 50, .75);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.site-header {
  width: min(1160px, calc(100% - 40px));
  max-width: 1160px;
  margin: 18px auto 0;
  padding: 20px clamp(20px, 3vw, 34px);
  gap: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(214, 226, 230, .9);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .9);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.wordmark {
  color: var(--deep);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.wordmark span {
  color: var(--accent);
}

nav {
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px 22px;
}

nav a,
.text-link {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

nav a::after {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -6px;
  left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  content: "";
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform .2s ease;
}

nav a:hover,
nav a:focus-visible { color: var(--deep); }

nav a:hover::after,
nav a:focus-visible::after { transform: scaleX(1); }

main {
  width: min(1160px, 100%);
  padding: 0 clamp(20px, 3vw, 32px);
}

h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  color: var(--deep);
  text-wrap: balance;
}

h1, h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 5.7vw, 5.1rem);
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -.052em;
}

h2 {
  position: relative;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 4.8vw, 3.65rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -.045em;
}

.section-heading h2::after {
  display: block;
  width: 76px;
  height: 4px;
  margin-top: 16px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  content: "";
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
}

h3, h4 {
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .17em;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.eyebrow::before {
  width: 26px;
  height: 2px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  content: "";
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
}

.hero {
  min-height: 0;
  padding: clamp(76px, 9vw, 124px) 0 clamp(80px, 9vw, 112px);
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(250px, 350px);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(44px, 7vw, 92px);
}

.hero-content { max-width: 700px; }

.hero-copy {
  max-width: 650px;
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  color: #354e5a;
  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.45vw, 19px);
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.hero-portrait {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  width: min(100%, 326px);
  justify-self: end;
  margin: 10px 8px 0 0;
  padding: 0 0 16px;
}

/* Positive stacking order keeps the gradient ring visible without clipping the portrait. */
.hero-portrait::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: -8px;
  left: -8px;
  width: calc(100% + 16px);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border-radius: 50%;
  content: "";
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 38px rgba(18, 62, 85, .17);
  transition: filter .2s ease, transform .2s ease;
}

.hero-portrait img {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 40%;
  border: 6px solid var(--bright);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bright);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(18, 62, 85, .07);
  filter: saturate(.98) contrast(1.015);
  transition: filter .2s ease;
}

.hero-portrait:hover::before {
  filter: saturate(1.08);
  transform: rotate(2deg);
}

.hero-portrait img:hover { filter: saturate(1.03) contrast(1.025); }

.hero-portrait figcaption {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  padding-top: 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-align: center;
}

.actions {
  gap: 18px 22px;
  margin-top: 32px;
}

.button {
  padding: 12px 19px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: .015em;
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, background .18s ease, color .18s ease;
}

.button-dark {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--deep);
  border-color: var(--deep);
  box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 #f47732;
}

.button-dark:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: #096b88;
  transform: translate(-1px, -1px);
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 0 #f47732;
}

.text-link {
  display: inline-block;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f47732;
}

.text-link:hover { border-color: var(--link); }

.hero-note {
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 44px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.status-dot {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(244, 119, 50, .13);
}

.contact-actions { gap: 10px; }

.contact-email,
.icon-button {
  min-height: 38px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border: 1px solid #d2e0e5;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .86);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 650;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(18, 62, 85, .025);
}

.contact-email:hover,
.contact-email:focus-visible,
.icon-button:hover,
.icon-button:focus-visible {
  border-color: #63c7d7;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: #effbfc;
}

.section {
  padding: clamp(62px, 7vw, 90px) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(191, 212, 220, .78);
}

.section-heading {
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
  gap: 20px 28px;
}

.small-note {
  max-width: 360px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.project-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 13px;
  border: 0;
}

.project {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(208, 224, 229, .95);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .88);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 15px rgba(18, 62, 85, .025);
  transition: border-color .2s ease, background .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}

.project:hover,
.project[open] {
  border-color: #b7dce4;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .97);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.project summary {
  grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0, 1fr) 30px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  padding: clamp(21px, 3vw, 30px) clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 26px);
  transition: background .2s ease;
}

.project summary:hover { background: rgba(232, 247, 249, .7); }

.project-index {
  color: #0b829f;
  font-size: 23px;
  font-style: italic;
}

.project-heading { gap: 7px; }

.project-heading .eyebrow {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 10px;
}

.project-title {
  color: var(--deep);
  font-size: clamp(24px, 2.6vw, 32px);
  line-height: 1.19;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
}

.project summary:hover .project-title { color: var(--link); }

.project-intro {
  margin: 5px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.expand-icon {
  width: 29px;
  height: 29px;
  border-color: #cee0e5;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: #f6fbfb;
  font-size: 20px;
}

.project[open] .expand-icon {
  color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #24b1ca, #f47732);
  border-color: transparent;
}

.project-details {
  max-width: 790px;
  margin-left: clamp(42px, 6vw, 62px);
  padding: 0 clamp(18px, 3vw, 28px) 28px 0;
}

.project-details h3 {
  margin: 24px 0 9px;
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.project-details p,
.project-details li {
  color: #354e5a;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.project-links { gap: 14px 22px; }

.project-links a {
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 750;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.publication-section { gap: 16px; }

.publication {
  margin: 0;
  padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 38px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(208, 224, 229, .95);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .9);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.publication-meta { gap: 8px 10px; }

.pill {
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border: 1px solid #d4e5e9;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #335966;
  background: #eff8f9;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.publication h3 {
  margin: 18px 0 12px;
  font-size: clamp(25px, 3vw, 35px);
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
}

.publication > p,
.abstract-details p {
  color: #354e5a;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.publication .author-list {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.85;
}

.orcid-button {
  border-color: #f0c7a9;
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: #fff6ef;
}

.toc-figure img {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.toc-placeholder {
  border: 1px dashed #91cbd7;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: var(--gradient-cool);
  color: var(--deep);
}

.abstract-details {
  border-top: 1px solid #dbe7ea;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #dbe7ea;
}

.abstract-details summary {
  padding: 16px 2px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.abstract-details p { padding: 0 2px 18px; }

.presentation-group + .presentation-group { margin-top: 36px; }

.presentation-group > h3,
.award-header,
.coursework-table thead th {
  color: var(--link);
  letter-spacing: .13em;
}

.presentation-list,
.award-list,
.table-list,
.coursework-table-wrap {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(208, 224, 229, .95);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .9);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.presentation-list { padding: 0 clamp(18px, 3vw, 30px); }
.presentation-item { padding: 23px 0; }
.presentation-item h4 {
  font-size: 22px;
  letter-spacing: -.012em;
}
.presentation-item p {
  color: #425a65;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.award-list,
.table-list { max-width: 100%; }

.award-header {
  border-top: 0;
  background: #eff8f9;
}

.award-item,
.table-item {
  padding: 17px 18px;
  gap: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e2ebed;
}

.award-item h3,
.table-item h3 {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.award-item p,
.table-item p {
  color: #0d718d;
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: .11em;
}

.coursework-table-wrap { max-width: 100%; }

.coursework-table {
  font-size: 15px;
}

.coursework-table th,
.coursework-table td {
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e2ebed;
}

.coursework-table thead th {
  border-top: 0;
  background: #eff8f9;
  font-size: 10px;
}

.coursework-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: rgba(232, 247, 249, .35); }

.research-gallery,
.research-subgallery { gap: 22px; }

.research-figure {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  border: 1px solid #dce7e9;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .97);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: box-shadow .2s ease, transform .2s ease;
}

.research-figure:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.research-figure img { background: #fff; }

.research-figure figcaption,
.photo-gallery figcaption,
.toc-figure figcaption {
  color: #4b626c;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.photo-gallery {
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 8px 3px 20px;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
}

.photo-gallery figure {
  border-color: #d6e3e6;
  border-radius: 11px;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .97);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.photo-gallery img { background: #eff5f5; }

.back-to-top {
  border: 0;
  color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0d6d88 5%, #24b4cb 60%, #f47732 130%);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(18, 62, 85, .2);
}

.back-to-top:hover,
.back-to-top:focus-visible {
  color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #123e55, #0d6d88);
}

.image-viewer {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: var(--bright);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(8, 34, 47, .32);
}

.image-viewer::backdrop { background: rgba(9, 35, 48, .84); }

.image-viewer-close,
.image-viewer-nav button {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);
  color: var(--deep);
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .92);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, .08);
  opacity: .92;
}

.image-viewer-nav button:not(:disabled):hover,
.image-viewer-nav button:not(:disabled):focus-visible,
.image-viewer-close:hover,
.image-viewer-close:focus-visible {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--deep);
  border-color: var(--deep);
}

.site-footer {
  width: min(1160px, calc(100% - 40px));
  padding: 26px 0 32px;
  color: #536974;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.site-footer a { color: var(--link); }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  body {
    background-attachment: scroll;
    background-size: auto, auto, auto, auto 100lvh;
  }

  .site-header {
    width: calc(100% - 28px);
    margin-top: 10px;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    gap: 14px;
  }

  main { padding: 0 22px; }

  .hero {
    padding: 62px 0 58px;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(190px, 250px);
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .hero-portrait {
    width: min(100%, 250px);
    margin: 8px 7px 0 0;
  }

  .section { padding: 58px 0; }
  .section-heading { margin-bottom: 26px; }
  h2 { font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 7vw, 3.2rem); }
  .publication { padding: 24px; }
  .project summary { grid-template-columns: 28px minmax(0, 1fr) 28px; }
  .project-details { margin-left: 38px; }
  .site-footer { width: calc(100% - 44px); }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .site-header { border-radius: 12px; }
  nav { gap: 8px 15px; }
  nav a { font-size: 12px; }

  .hero {
    padding: 50px 0 56px;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 34px;
  }

  .hero-portrait {
    order: -1;
    width: min(68vw, 245px);
    justify-self: center;
    margin: 12px 7px 4px;
  }

  .hero-content { max-width: none; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 12vw, 4.2rem); }
  .hero-copy { margin-top: 22px; font-size: 17px; }
  .hero-note { margin-top: 32px; }
  .actions { gap: 16px; }
  .section { padding: 50px 0; }
  .section-heading { align-items: flex-start; }
  .section-heading h2::after { margin-top: 12px; }
  .project summary { gap: 10px; padding: 20px 14px; }
  .project-index { font-size: 19px; }
  .project-title { font-size: 24px; }
  .project-intro { font-size: 14px; }
  .project-details { margin-left: 28px; padding: 0 16px 22px 0; }
  .project-details p,
  .project-details li { font-size: 15px; }
  .publication { padding: 21px 18px; }
  .publication h3 { font-size: 27px; }
  .presentation-list { padding: 0 16px; }
  .presentation-item h4 { font-size: 20px; }
  .award-item,
  .table-item { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2px; padding: 14px; }
  .award-item p,
  .table-item p { text-align: left; white-space: normal; }
  .award-header { gap: 12px; padding: 13px 14px; font-size: 9px; }
  .coursework-table { min-width: 480px; font-size: 14px; }
  .coursework-table th,
  .coursework-table td { padding: 13px 12px; }
  .research-gallery,
  .research-subgallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .site-footer { gap: 8px; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    animation-duration: .01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: .01ms !important;
  }
}

.project,
.abstract-details {
  overflow-anchor: none;
}

@supports selector(details::details-content) {
  details::details-content {
    display: block;
    block-size: 0;
    overflow: clip;
    interpolate-size: allow-keywords;
    transition:
      block-size .48s cubic-bezier(.2, .7, .25, 1),
      content-visibility .48s allow-discrete;
  }

  details[open]::details-content {
    block-size: auto;
  }
}

/* Research disclosure icon: stationary circle with independently rotating strokes. */
.project summary .expand-icon {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  align-self: center;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #cee0e5;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: #f6fbfb;
  box-shadow: none;
  font-size: 0;
  line-height: 0;
  transform: none;
  transition:
    color .22s ease,
    background .22s ease,
    border-color .22s ease,
    box-shadow .22s ease;
}

.project summary .expand-icon::before,
.project summary .expand-icon::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  display: block;
  content: "";
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: currentColor;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  transform-origin: center;
  transition: transform .22s ease;
}

.project summary .expand-icon::before {
  width: 14px;
  height: 2px;
}

.project summary .expand-icon::after {
  width: 2px;
  height: 14px;
}

.project[open] summary .expand-icon {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  border-color: transparent;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
  transform: none;
}

.project[open] summary .expand-icon::before,
.project[open] summary .expand-icon::after {
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(45deg);
}

.project summary:hover,
.project summary:focus-visible {
  background: var(--gradient-cool);
}

.project-index {
  color: var(--link);
  font-size: 23px;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 750;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* Publication abstract summary: the complete row is the hover target. */
.abstract-details {
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(208, 224, 229, .95);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .9);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition:
    border-color .2s ease,
    background-color .2s ease,
    box-shadow .2s ease;
}

.abstract-details:hover,
.abstract-details:focus-within,
.abstract-details[open] {
  border-color: #b7dce4;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .97);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.abstract-details summary {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 62px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 15px 20px;
  border-radius: 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5;
  list-style: none;
  transition: color .2s ease, background .2s ease;
}

.abstract-details summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.abstract-details summary::marker {
  content: "";
}

.abstract-details summary:hover {
  color: var(--link);
  background: var(--gradient-cool);
}

.abstract-details summary:focus-visible,
.project summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--portrait-blue);
  outline-offset: -3px;
}

.abstract-details summary::before {
  content: none;
  display: none;
}

.abstract-details summary::after {
  content: "";
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  margin-left: auto;
  float: none;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px solid #cee0e5;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--deep);
  background-color: #f6fbfb;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px;
  font-size: 0;
  line-height: 0;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  transform-origin: center;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition:
    color .22s ease,
    border-color .22s ease,
    background-color .22s ease,
    background-image .22s ease,
    box-shadow .22s ease,
    transform .22s ease;
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: transparent;
  background-color: transparent;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    var(--gradient-flow);
  background-position: center, center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px, 100% 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.project-details,
.abstract-details > :not(summary) {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(12px);
  animation: none;
}

.project[open] > .project-details,
.abstract-details[open] > :not(summary) {
  animation: disclosure-content-reveal .42s cubic-bezier(.2, .7, .25, 1) both;
  transform-origin: top center;
}

.abstract-details[open] > :nth-child(2) {
  animation-delay: .025s;
}

.abstract-details[open] > :nth-child(3) {
  animation-delay: .055s;
}

@keyframes disclosure-content-reveal {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(12px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Teaching titles read as links on hover and keyboard focus. */
.table-item h3 a {
  color: var(--deep);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: transparent;
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  transition:
    color .18s ease,
    text-decoration-color .18s ease,
    background-color .18s ease;
}

.table-item h3 a:hover,
.table-item h3 a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--link);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent);
  background: linear-gradient(
    100deg,
    rgba(40, 184, 207, .17),
    rgba(244, 119, 50, .13)
  );
}

.table-item h3 a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--portrait-blue);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

/* Keep ORCID marks borderless; retain a visible keyboard-focus state. */
.orcid-button {
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  padding: 2px;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
  transition: opacity .18s ease, transform .18s ease;
}

.orcid-button:hover,
.orcid-button:focus-visible {
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

.orcid-button:hover {
  opacity: .78;
  transform: scale(1.06);
}

.orcid-button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--link);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .project summary .expand-icon,
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    flex-basis: 28px;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    min-width: 28px;
  }

  .abstract-details summary {
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 14px 15px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .project summary .expand-icon,
  .project summary .expand-icon::before,
  .project summary .expand-icon::after,
  .abstract-details,
  .abstract-details summary,
  .abstract-details summary::after,
  .table-item h3 a {
    transition: none !important;
  }

  .project-details,
  .abstract-details > :not(summary) {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
    animation: none !important;
  }

  @supports selector(details::details-content) {
    details::details-content,
    details[open]::details-content {
      block-size: auto;
      transition: none !important;
    }
  }
}

@supports selector(details::details-content) {
  details::details-content {
    display: flow-root;
  }
}

.project:has(> summary:hover),
.project:has(> summary:focus-visible) {
  background: var(--gradient-cool);
}

.abstract-details:has(> summary:hover),
.abstract-details:has(> summary:focus-visible) {
  background: var(--gradient-cool);
}

.abstract-details {
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .9);
  transition:
    border-color .2s ease,
    background .2s ease,
    box-shadow .2s ease;
}

.abstract-details[open]:has(> summary:hover),
.abstract-details[open]:has(> summary:focus-visible) {
  background: var(--gradient-cool);
}

.abstract-details > p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 0 20px 24px;
}

.abstract-details > .toc-figure {
  margin-top: 22px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .abstract-details > p:last-child {
    padding: 0 15px 20px;
  }

  .abstract-details > .toc-figure {
    margin-top: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }
}

:root {
  --gradient-hover: linear-gradient(
    108deg,
    #e2f6f9 0%,
    #f1faf8 34%,
    #fff0df 68%,
    #ffdfc4 100%
  );
}

.project summary:hover,
.project summary:focus-visible,
.abstract-details summary:hover,
.abstract-details summary:focus-visible {
  background: var(--gradient-hover);
}

.project:has(> summary:hover),
.project:has(> summary:focus-visible),
.abstract-details:has(> summary:hover),
.abstract-details:has(> summary:focus-visible) {
  background: var(--gradient-hover);
}

.project:has(> summary:hover) > .project-details,
.project:has(> summary:focus-visible) > .project-details {
  background: transparent;
}

.abstract-details summary::before {
  content: "";
  order: 1;
  display: block;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  margin-left: auto;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px solid #cee0e5;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #f6fbfb;
  box-shadow: none;
  transition:
    background .22s ease,
    border-color .22s ease,
    box-shadow .22s ease;
}

.abstract-details summary::after {
  content: "";
  order: 2;
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  margin-left: -30px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: transparent;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px;
  font-size: 0;
  line-height: 0;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  transform-origin: center;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: color .22s ease, transform .22s ease;
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::before {
  border-color: transparent;
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  color: #fff;
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor);
}

/* Match the compact research icon dimensions on narrow screens. */
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .abstract-details summary::before,
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    flex-basis: 28px;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    min-width: 28px;
  }

  .abstract-details summary::after {
    margin-left: -28px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .abstract-details summary::before,
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    transition: none !important;
  }
}

:root {
  --disclosure-hover-gradient:
    linear-gradient(
      105deg,
      rgba(40, 184, 207, .16) 0%,
      rgba(105, 185, 196, .12) 48%,
      rgba(244, 119, 50, .15) 100%
    );
}

.project:has(> summary:hover),
.project:has(> summary:focus-visible),
.project[open]:has(> summary:hover),
.project[open]:has(> summary:focus-visible) {
  background: var(--disclosure-hover-gradient);
}

.abstract-details:has(> summary:hover),
.abstract-details:has(> summary:focus-visible),
.abstract-details[open]:has(> summary:hover),
.abstract-details[open]:has(> summary:focus-visible) {
  background: var(--disclosure-hover-gradient);
}

.project[open] summary .expand-icon {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: transparent;
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: transparent;
  background-color: transparent;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    var(--gradient-flow);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center, center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px, 100% 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.project[open] summary .expand-icon,
.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  background-color: transparent;
}

:root {
  --disclosure-hover-gradient: var(--gradient-hover);
}

.project:has(> summary:hover),
.project:has(> summary:focus-visible),
.project[open]:hover,
.project[open]:focus-within,
.abstract-details:has(> summary:hover),
.abstract-details:has(> summary:focus-visible),
.abstract-details[open]:hover,
.abstract-details[open]:focus-within {
  background: var(--gradient-hover);
}

.project summary:hover,
.project summary:focus-visible,
.abstract-details summary:hover,
.abstract-details summary:focus-visible {
  background: transparent;
}

.project > .project-details,
.abstract-details > :not(summary) {
  background-color: transparent;
}

.abstract-details summary::before {
  content: none !important;
  display: none !important;
}

.abstract-details summary::after {
  content: "";
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  margin: 0 0 0 auto;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px solid #cee0e5;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--deep);
  background-color: #f6fbfb;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px;
  font-size: 0;
  line-height: 0;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  transform-origin: center;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Match the open research icon's gradient, dimensions, shadow, and centred X. */
.project[open] summary .expand-icon {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: transparent;
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
  transform: none;
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: transparent;
  background-color: transparent;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    var(--gradient-flow);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center, center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px, 100% 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    flex-basis: 28px;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    min-width: 28px;
  }
}

.project:has(> summary:focus-visible):not(:hover),
.abstract-details:has(> summary:focus-visible):not(:hover) {
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .88);
}

.project[open]:has(> summary:focus-visible):not(:hover),
.abstract-details[open]:has(> summary:focus-visible):not(:hover),
.project[open]:focus-within:not(:hover),
.abstract-details[open]:focus-within:not(:hover) {
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .97);
}

.project:has(> summary:hover),
.project[open]:hover,
.abstract-details:has(> summary:hover),
.abstract-details[open]:hover {
  background: var(--gradient-hover);
}

.project summary:hover,
.project summary:focus-visible,
.abstract-details summary:hover,
.abstract-details summary:focus-visible {
  background: transparent;
}

.project > .project-details,
.abstract-details > :not(summary) {
  background-color: transparent;
}

.project summary .expand-icon {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid #cee0e5;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #f6fbfb;
  color: var(--deep);
  transform: none;
}

.project[open] summary .expand-icon {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: transparent;
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
  transform: none;
}

.project[open] summary .expand-icon::before,
.project[open] summary .expand-icon::after {
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(45deg);
}

.abstract-details summary::before {
  content: none !important;
  display: none !important;
}

.abstract-details summary::after {
  content: "+";
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  margin: 0 0 0 auto;
  padding: 0 0 1px 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px solid #cee0e5;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: #f6fbfb;
  background-image: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: center;
  transform: none;
  transform-origin: center;
  transition:
    color .22s ease,
    border-color .22s ease,
    background .22s ease,
    box-shadow .22s ease;
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  content: "×";
  color: #fff;
  border-color: transparent;
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
  font-size: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 2px;
  transform: none;
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .project summary .expand-icon,
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    flex-basis: 28px;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    min-width: 28px;
  }
}

.abstract-details summary {
  position: relative;
}

.abstract-details summary::before {
  content: "" !important;
  display: block !important;
  order: 2;
  flex: 0 0 30px;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  margin: 0 0 0 auto;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px solid #cee0e5;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #f6fbfb;
  box-shadow: none;
  transition:
    background .22s ease,
    border-color .22s ease,
    box-shadow .22s ease;
}

.abstract-details summary::after {
  content: "" !important;
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: 20px;
  z-index: 1;
  display: block;
  order: 3;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  color: var(--deep);
  background: transparent;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px;
  box-shadow: none;
  font-size: 0;
  line-height: 0;
  transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(0deg);
  transform-origin: center;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition:
    color .22s ease,
    background-image .22s ease,
    transform .22s ease;
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::before {
  border-color: transparent;
  background: var(--gradient-flow);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12);
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  color: #fff;
  background: transparent;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor);
  background-position: center, center;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px;
  box-shadow: none;
  transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(45deg);
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .abstract-details summary::before,
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    flex-basis: 28px;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    min-width: 28px;
  }
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    right: 20px;
  }
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::before {
  display: block !important;
  width: 30px !important;
  height: 30px !important;
  min-width: 30px !important;
  flex: 0 0 30px !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  border: 1px solid transparent !important;
  border-radius: 50% !important;
  background: var(--gradient-flow) !important;
  background-color: transparent !important;
  background-image: var(--gradient-flow) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(18, 62, 85, .12) !important;
}

.abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
  width: 30px !important;
  height: 30px !important;
  min-width: 30px !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  border-radius: 0 !important;
  background-color: transparent !important;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor),
    linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor) !important;
  background-repeat: no-repeat !important;
  background-position: center, center !important;
  background-size: 14px 2px, 2px 14px !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(45deg) !important;
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .abstract-details[open] > summary::before,
  .abstract-details[open] > summary::after {
    width: 28px !important;
    height: 28px !important;
    min-width: 28px !important;
    flex-basis: 28px !important;
  }
}

html {
  overflow-anchor: none;
}

/* Keep the native details panel in document flow below its summary. */
.abstract-details {
  position: static;
  inset: auto;
}

@supports selector(details::details-content) {
  .abstract-details::details-content {
    position: static !important;
    inset: auto !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .abstract-details summary::after {
    right: 15px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 761px) {
  body {
    background-color: var(--paper) !important;
    background-image:
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 3% 5%, rgba(41, 183, 207, .18), transparent 34rem),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 98% 9%, rgba(244, 119, 50, .15), transparent 32rem),
      linear-gradient(rgba(250, 250, 247, .91), rgba(250, 250, 247, .96)),
      url("../background.png") !important;
    background-position: left top, right top, center top, center top !important;
    background-size: auto, auto, auto, cover !important;
    background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat, no-repeat, no-repeat !important;
    background-attachment: fixed !important;
  }

  body::before {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  html {
    background-color: var(--paper) !important;
    background-image: none !important;
  }

  body {
    background-color: var(--paper) !important;
    background-image:
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 3% 5%, rgba(41, 183, 207, .18), transparent 44vw),
      radial-gradient(ellipse at 98% 9%, rgba(244, 119, 50, .15), transparent 42vw),
      linear-gradient(rgba(250, 250, 247, .88), rgba(250, 250, 247, .94)),
      url("../background.png") !important;
    background-position: left top, right top, center top, center top !important;
    background-size: auto, auto, auto, auto 100lvh !important;
    background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat, no-repeat, repeat !important;
    background-attachment: fixed !important;
  }

  body::before {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
  }
}